Market Street Railway's Efforts to Curtail Its Cable
Car System
by Walter Rice |
When the Market Street Railway re-emerged to take over the operating assets
of the United Railroads of San Francisco in 1921, it inherited three separate
cable car systems: the five-foot-gauge Pacific Avenue line, the standard-gauge Castro
cable and three 3'6" lines based at Washington-Mason -- Sacramento-Clay,
Washington-Jackson and Powell-Mason.
Market Street Railway abandoned the money-losing
Pacific Avenue line on
November 17, 1929. The action met little controversy.
Bus
technology had improved so much by the late 1930s that hills, which were
unconquerable by rival electric cars, could be mastered by rubber-tired
vehicles. The cable car had lost its monopoly position it had held as the
only viable mode of transit for many of San Francisco's hills. This factor
combined with the Market Street Railway’s desire to reduce operating cost
(buses required a single person, whereas cable cars were a two-man
operation) and rid itself of the costly infrastructure of track and cable
winding machinery combined with declining revenues and ridership lead to
the Market Street Railway’s apparent plan to convert all of its cable car
lines to buses. The planned conversion included apparently all but the
most heavily patronized streetcar lines as well. World War II put a stop
to this plan. Evidence suggests that a strong factor in these planned
conversions was the generous financial incentives provided by Yellow
Coach to the cash-strapped Market Street Railway.
The
Fate of the Castro Cable Is Argued
San Francisco
News, May 5, 1939. |
On August 29, 1907,
the United Railroads restored the Castro
cable, 18th to 26th Street only. At 18th Street the cable car connected
with the No. 8 streetcar that now served the remaining part of the former
Market-Castro cable car line. In short, the standard gauge Castro cable
car line was now a feeder for the No. 8 streetcar. The March revenues
cited of approximately $1,000 equaled about 14,000 paying passengers.
It can be assumed an approximate equal number of passengers transferred
free from the No. 8 and No. 11 Mission & 24th Street streetcars and
the No. 33 18th & Park trackless trolley coach line.
On January
1, 1939, the Market Street Railway increased its fare to 7¢. Competitive
Muni lines remained at 5¢. The Castro cable as a result lost ridership
to passengers who now elected to walk to and from Muni’s J-Church,
K-Market and L-Taraval streetcars. After the Market Street Railway failed
in its attempts for outright abandonment of its money losing Castro cable
line, it was successful on April 5, 1941 of incorporating the route of
the Castro Cable car into the new No. 24 crosstown motor coach line.
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Standard
gauge Castro Cable No. 3, built as an open car by the Central Pacific
Railroad for the Market Street Cable Railway, rebuilt in 1907 by
the United Railroads and equipped with a new body during 1926-27
by the Market Street Railway that featured an arch roof and rounded
ends, awaits its departure time at 18th Street. Across the street
a 1550 class streetcar on the connecting No. 8 line likewise awaits
its departure time for its run down Market Street to the Ferry,
mid-1930s. The Castro Theatre, still a neighborhood landmark,
is visible in the background. December, 2004 Picture of the Month
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EUREKA
VALLEY SERVICE ARGUED
Cahill Opposes
Taking Over Lines of Market Street Railway
Objections to
absorbing losing lines of the Market Street Railway Co. were reiterated
by Utilities Mgr. E.G. Cahill today as Eureka Valley residents prepared
to press for abandonment of the Castro-st cable line and substitution
of Municipal Railway service.
Mr. Cahill advised
Mayor Rossi that an investment of $80,000 would be required if Municipal
Railway trolley buses were substituted for the cable cars. The Market
Street Railway’s income from the line in March was less than $1000,
he said.
The
interest by Eureka Valley residents to substitute the Market Street
Railway Castro cable line with a Municipal Railway trackless trolley
line arose when the former company successful substituted trolley
buses for streetcars on its hilly crooked No. 33 18th & Park
line. Pictured here is one of this Brill built fleet, No. 52, shown
in 1935 before entering revenue service. |
 |
"While I
do not hold that service should be denied a district because it might
not prove profitable, believing with you that the city is in the business
of transportation for the best interests of all the people, nonetheless
I do desire to draw your attention to the policy which the Public Utilities
Commission has adopted with regard to future transportation," Mr.
Cahill wrote the mayor.
"We cannot
take over the Market Street Railway Co. piecemeal. In other words, we
cannot absorb the losing lines of the Market Street Railway Co., leaving
the Market Street Railway Co. with the profitable lines, because to do
so would mean that the Municipal Railway would probably be in the ‘red’
and have to be supported out of the taxpayers’ pockets."
Mr. Cahill advised
the mayor that he had suggested rerouting the Diamond-Eureka bus line
to serve a portion of the Castro-st district. The 20 per cent grade on
Castro-st hill is too steep for the buses to negotiate safely, the utilities
manager said.
The mayor has
suggested to the Eureka Valley residents they assist the Market Street
Railway in obtaining Board of Supervisors’ approval in the surrendering
of its franchise to operate on Castro-st. Mr. Cahill expressed the belief
the supervisors would not permit discontinuance of service unless the
Municipal Railway was prepared to offer adequate service. The city-owned
system is loathe to do so, he reported.
San Francisco News
Friday, May 5, 1939
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The Castro cable had been replaced by the crosstown 24-Divisadero motor coach
line. Market Street Railway 0916 -- a two cab electric powered work motor --
has journeyed over from 24th Street (11-line)
to tow one of the now unneeded Castro cable cars to its fiery death at the
Market’s Elkton Yard. Note, the former car house and powerhouse had already
been sold, April 1941. Walter Rice Collection. All rights reserved.
|
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San Francisco Police Captain Munn (Southern
Station) wanted to get rid of the city's cable cars, which he
contends are a traffic hazard (September 1940). Munn suggested
that buses of this type (Twin Pusher, with the engine mounted
in the rear window) -- note the absence of a top -- could be
substituted for the cable car system. In inclement weather,
canvas tops would protect customers. Munn stated that the
"romance of the cable cars would be replaced by scroll work and
pictures of San Francisco scenes painted on the sides of the
buses." The bus pictured was one of four Model 23-R parlor cars ordered from
the Twin Coach Company in 1937 by the Santa Catalina Island Co. Most of these
coaches ran for approximately 30 years on the island. They were said to have been
the last pre-war Twins in regular service. (Source: Don Holmgren)
Photo Credit: SF Public Library AAC-7760.
|
Castro Cable Eliminated; Sacramento-Clay and Washington-Jackson Cable Lines Next?
San Francisco
News, August 8, 1941. |
On April 5, 1941,
the company had replaced its Castro Cable with motor coaches. It was now
the turn to eliminate the Sacramento-Clay and Washington-Jackson cable
lines. The Market Street Railway would trade street repairs for bus
substitution. The Sacramento-Clay line had lost much of its ridership due
to the opening of the Bay Bridge and the subsequent sharp decline in ferry
boat operation. Also, it suffered from charging a 7-cent fare, compared
with the rival Cal Cable fare of a nickel. There was virtually no mourning
of the passing of any cable route until a "Save the Cable Car League" was
formed in an unsuccessful attempt to save this line, the successor to
Hallidie’s original line on Clay Street. This line became the No. 55 motor
coach on February 16, 1942. The cars remained at the Washington-Mason
cable car barn by order of the Federal government because of wartime
concerns, until after the 1944 purchase by the City.
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Outbound Sacramento-Clay cable car No. 24
passes the newly opened (March 1, 1941) Greyhound Interurban
Depot, located on the southeast corner of Sacramento and Sansome
Streets. This depot opened when Greyhound took over Marin County
commuter service from the Northwestern Pacific Railroad. The
cable car line was closed on Valentine’s Day 1942, and the bus
depot closed December 1, 1950. On that date Marin County
Greyhound commute began using north end of the Ferry Building.
Photo: Val Lupiz Collection. All rights reserved. |
Because of the
war the Washington-Jackson line (one of the two Powell Street cables)
survived until September 2, 1956, when it was shut down was "due to the
necessity of installing new track connections and cable installations at
Hyde & Washington, and at Hyde & Jackson" for the future
Powell-Hyde cable car line. The Powell-Hyde cable began service on April
7, 1957. This new line was created by cutting back to Hyde Street the
Washington-Jackson line and combining it with the former Hyde Street leg
of the O'Farrell, Jones and Hyde cable car. WER
 |
An empty Market Street Railway Sacramento-Clay
cable car lays over at the Ferry building before another trip out
Sacramento Street to Fillmore. |
San
Francisco News August 8, 1941
City-Market Street Ry. Deal
May Bring Some Street Work
Possibility that
the Market Street Railway Co. would undertake immediate repaving of a
number of downtown streets today hinged on the Board of Supervisors'
approval of a "deal" Mayor Rossi proposed yesterday to the trolley
company.
The company recently sought permission to substitute
buses for the Washington and Clay-st cable line, but the supervisors voted
down the petition on the mayor's request that no further "favors" be
extended until the company agreed to make some badly-needed improvements
on its own.
A conductor pushes a Washington-Jackson cable car
off the famous Powell & Market turntable on a rainy day, late
1930s. |
 |
Yesterday
the mayor agreed to withdraw his ban when company officials promised, in
return, to lift the car tracks on Leavenworth-st from McAllister to
Ellis-st, on Battery-st from Market to California-st, on Bush-st from
Sansome to Battery, and on Sansome-st from Bush to Sutter.
Parking
Facilities
The company also
promised to remove 305 feet of tracks on Fillmore-st north of Chestnut, so
that the middle of the street may be used for a parking area.
The
company was to pay for the track-lifting, for filling in the ruts and for
taking down the wires and poles. The city, according to the "deal" with
the mayor, was to pave the concrete fills on Fillmore-st and
Leavenworth-st, and the company was to do the remainder of the paving.
Resurfacing planned
The city, as part
of the bargain, also was to resurface the rest of Battery, Bush and
Sansome-sts, in the financial district. The city was to spend about $3600;
the Market Street Railway Co. about $8500 to fulfill its
promises.
As for the rails on the Sacramento-st line, which the
city also would like to see removed, the company agreed to do that within
five years if allowed to substitute buses. It would repave only the part
of the street occupied by the rails, however, leaving the cable slot in
the center. The same procedure was followed in abandoning the Castro-st
and Fillmore-st lines.
However, before the "deal" may be
consummated the company must resubmit its application to the supervisors.
There was some indication that it might again be rejected, despite the
mayor's revised attitude.
Would
Build Nuisance Value
Some supervisors
pointed out that the improvements would have the effect of enhancing the
value of the company, which the city is contemplating seeking to buy out.
Permission to substitute the buses would have the effect of becoming a
revised "operating permit" for the company, but would not extend the term
of the company's franchise, which expires in 1956. The buses would be
substituted for the unexpired term of the franchise.
 |
Although abandoned in 1942, the cable car tracks
of the Sacramento-Clay cable car were not removed until 1949 as
shown in this view of Sacramento Street east of
Fillmore. |
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Additional Text Copyright 2002-2004 by Walter Rice. All rights reserved.
Last updated 01-Nov-2004
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